Over the last decade, there are two very different ways to calculate the rate spreading the universe, disagreement He doubled hubble tension, the century astronomer Edwin Hubble. Experts have speculated that this conflict can be temporarily, in the end, in observations or analyzes that will be directed for a fatal understanding of the physics of cosmos. Now, however, a new study based on the independent measure of the properties of the galaxies has strengthened the strain. It’s very likely to stay here.
For some researchers, the word “voltage” does not transmit the problem of increasing the severity of the problem.
“We’ve been at this level of hubble tension for a long time. At some moments, the community must say,” It’s more serious, “says physicists And sculpture Duke University, which was not associated with the new study. “And the” tension “step is’crisis. ‘”
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Strictly bend Last results Based on observations of large-scale structure of the universe: dark energy, to accelerate the dissemination of the universe, is thinking that it is changing over time. That is, if you prefer, if you prefer to aggravate the tension or hubble crisis.
A The roots of the voltage is a lie in two different calculated values Hubble constant, or h0– Extension rate of the present universe. It comes from the measurement of the microwave cosmic (CMB), the universe was about 380,000 years.
The satellite of the European Space Agency was mapped from 2009 to 2013, and cosmologists used this map of the nails of the standard cosmology model, called LCDM. (The Lamda is represented by dark energy; darkening 68% of the dark energy, the rest of the universe, the planck team used CMB to calculate the expansion rate of the early universe; that is extrapolling LCDM, using researchers Reached to H0 About 67.5 miles per second Megaparsec. (Megaparsec serves about 3.26 million years.)
Last month, the Atacama Cosmology telescope (Law) collaboration, using a more detailed CMB map using a radio telescope based on the Chilean Andes. version shock Last findings. Combining the CMB measurements, with the cluster of the galaxies and measurements seen by other aspects of the stars and the universe, the Group reached a value of about 68.22 km / MPC0. While the planck’s estimate is slightly greater than “it is very consistent,” says Astrophysics and ACT teammate David Mpererl Princeton University and Simons Foundation.
The other, the correct way to calculate H0 It involves the use of the so-called cosmic staircase, measuring our neighbor than in the external borders of the universe observer.
The climbing staircase is a tedious process that appears on his behalf. The astronomers are moving away from the first lap using geometric measurements of distances to the nearest stars called CEFEID variables. These stars are “candle standards”, along with a variability with periodicity that change shines, related to their overwhelming lighting. Distance and periodic measurements are used to calibrate the characteristics of the pastures.
The next stairs of the ladder involves finding remote slaps and their comparison by itself clarity (obtained using periodicity) see clarity to appreciate their host galaxies distances. The astronomers then determined the speeds that recover these galaxies, which extends the extensions of the universe or “illuminated” – towards the red part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Lose statistically significant and failure samples of galaxies, and you reached a value seen h0.
But the cepodies can only carry it so far.
So the astronomers seek very bright stars called Supernova, in the galaxies with zefeids. Supernovae also works as a standard candle. Zefeids, its distances can be calculated, are used to calibrate Supernob’s full clarity. The astronomers then find almost Supernova type in other pharaway galaxies to estimate distances. Supernovae, h0For the equation of dark energy (SH0ES) projectJohns Hopkins University Johns Laureate Adam, directed by HK such techniques H0 Value of around 73.5 km / s / mpc.
The standard candle using supernovae come with its own difficulty, however, astronomer says Brent tully University of Hawaii. For a large number of telescopes based on the ground to observe the same Supernova, which presents the element of instrumental uncertainty. Moreover, “We still don’t know how Supernova exploded,” he says. “Probably changes to use as a standard candle (they are important) and people are aware of that.”
So to reach the far further galaxies, Tully and his colleagues scale a cosmic staircase with supernova. The other standard candle is to start: the tip of the huge branch (TRGB) star. These stars, masses with large parts of our sun, are at the end of life and grow rude and swollen. Thus, with the name “Giant Red”. Specifically, they burn almost all hydrogen, leaving behind a helium nucleus. When the nucleus crosses the exact mass of the threshold, it turns out helix, giving the stars equal clarity. To accurately calibrate the shine of the stars accurately, astronomers needed a detailed estimate of distance without using Zefeids. Hence the NGC 4258 galaxy called.
The NGC 4258 includes the clouds called Megamaser. (Maser is the equivalent of a laser microwave, which is significantly bright during high-cosmic distances. Tully and colleagues were armed with the absolute brightness of the NGC 4258, then JWST used the 14 other hosts hosted by the TRGB star to observe and calculate distances.
These galaxies, however, are still quite close, and their speed is not depending on the dissemination of the universe, but to push and pull the other galaxies on the leaves clusters. “To measure the constant hubble, we need to measure the distances of galaxies over 100 million lights, far away, that the effects of growth between different galaxies are not included in our pathway,” says Group members Gagandeep Anand Space telescope Institute of Science.
This still involved asking this new climb. The group used the TRGB distances pre-derived to detect a property of the TRGB stars to detect an aging property, known for the surface brightness fluctuations (SBF). SBF is a statistical properties that are based on the measurements of the stars than individuals (which are far more distinguished), it is very suitable for deeper looks to cosmos. SBF The anchor of TULly and his colleagues allowed Tully and his colleagues allowed to extract the galaxies distances, before the SBF observations made by Hubble Space telescopes, 100 Megaparsec. Eventually, using these calculating distance0, They have achieved value of around 73.8 km / s / mpc. Researchers published researchers in the ARXIVERG server in February.
“It is quite clear that there is a very hard stress between local est estimates of H0 And the estimates of the CMB-and-LCDM route, Resses says.
LCDM assumes that dark energy reveals the so-called cosmological constant, a kind of control against gravity that would not change energy density over time. And the results based on Act Team’s CMB suggest that LCDM is a very foot. “Using the data data, we tested many proposed models, which can be a higher constant hubble changing physics,” Spergel says. “We restrict all and we do not find evidence of new physical or constant physics.”
Contrasts the latest recent Energy Dark Spectroscopic tool (Desi) Team, 15 million galaxies gathered data about movement around and combined this with other data to reconstruct the history of the dissemination of the universe. Desi’s result suggests that dark energy evolves with time, which may have important new physics beyond LCDM boundaries. In addition, the desire exam shows that dark energy allows you to change time, as needed to explain the group data increasing hubble tension rather than relieving. This means that physicists must return to the drawings, saying Resses says. “With desir results, I imagine that many people are looking for clue This can explain the late period of time in dark energy and hubble strain, “he noted.
Scolnic believes these strange results, the first hubble renovated strain, No, The crisis and now is a concern about the real nature of dark energy, something we lack something from the best patterns of the cosmos lacking. “When there is a thing, as you are making a rule error, you can point out,” he said. “When there is a second thing,” well, maybe something is strange is forward. “
