Today the scientists are quite safe in how long our universe has been: 13,800 years, Give or spending 59 million yearsBecause cosmos exploded through Big Bang. They are much less related to a related question: when could life be first, somewhere away? Our solar system turned 4.6 billion years ago after two-thirds of the cosmic time, life and life It seems that it happened here As soon as the earth cools his passionate birth to extract the oceans of liquid water.
We could be Early In the universe or the first? Or instead of late to the partycreating spring with life As soon as possible In the history of the universe? Determining the time of crucial conditions As we know life It would be helpful here: namely, When was the water first founded to fix a nice planet somewhere?
This line of thought is inspired everything A new paperPublished in the magazine Nature astronomy, The first stars looked at how many water could be prepared and found that the universe could enrich the life very early. A Tracking prelay analysis A group that includes the same authors, he has presented to publish the magazine Science, It suggests that Rocky, potentially the planets of the oceans could be rising from this material that are rich water.
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“What our simulations were currently in the planet training areas for the Sun System. Daniel Whalen, an astrophysicist at the England Portsmouth University, is the author of two studies.
To understand the implications, imagine that for a moment, the universe was compressed in the lives of 70 years of the 13.8 million year old history. The results of whales and his colleagues suggest that there could be a stimulating condition when this cosmic of old age was just a year. The opportunity to form and bloom life, even if the researchers had been older than they had previously considered. Within the dawn of the time, living worlds can be scattered throughout the ancient oceans formed in a hundred million years.
Cosmic recipe for life
So far, it is the most popular Water in the universe Metay (Alma) atacama perceived by the Milletimeter / Submillimeter of Chile (Alma), H2O In a galaxy, there are about 12.88 million lights on the ground, so the universe was less than a million years in the universe.
But we know that it was initially a cosmic desolate desert that was not a drop of drinking. After Big Bang changed about 100 million years First stars in the universe exists. Among the compact sets of primordial hydrogen and helium, it remained under the great weight of large, under its gravitational weight, when the ethkinuclear chain reactions Light universe. Within these bright and bright nuclear furnaces, the most important quantities of elements that are heavier than hydrogen and helium were forged.
Living fast and kill the young man, the first stars increased the environment with elements like carbon, carbon and silic, through violent explosivity supernovae. Formed stars and planets from these generations Fertile ash starsAnd, and the oxygen supernova could combine water with many primary hydrogen.
“For 100 million years, the universe did not like oxygen or carbon. When the nuclear fusion began in an interior star, the universe became more interesting,” Avi Loebe, a astrophysicity of Harvard University.
In some respects, the main components of life reaches the elements and heavier elements that are able to form complex molecules reaching the beginning. It’s not so amazing. But these feedstocks could actually set the stage to live the specifications.
Breaking through bottunecks
Despite premature abundance, the return of water was not necessarily easy. The problem is that even if the first stars did a lot of oxygen, it would be scattered on the big sites when it was expedited through Supernovae in space.
Therefore, the relationship between other oxygen elements would still be low, preparing potentially bottled aquatic benefit. The water molecules still formed the shape that would still be easily burst into the atoms, the stars that were smaller than today were the intense ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation.
But In 2015 Loeb, along with SMMUEL BILY, at the Technical-Israel Institute of Tel Tel Aviv and AMIAS Sternberg, despite these obstacles, may have water formation of water-watered conditions. All needed temperatures between 250 and 350 Kelvins (-23 and 77 degrees Celsius) represented the early universe among some gas clouds.
“Very effective chemical reactions that embrace the shot to form water,” says Biayk. “This adds h2O The formation rate, therefore, can oppose low oxygen abundance and destructive UV radiation. “
The new simulations carried out by whales and his colleagues provide additional weight to these previous predictions.
For him Nature astronomy study, The team built a numerical model for the first-generation Supernova explosion, was 13 times higher than the sun, and the other was 200 times higher than our star. The slightest star of the simulated star lasted as Supernova lasted as a Supernova, 17,000 land mass oxygen and medium interstellar in the area. The larger star lasted only two million years before he faced his expensation of explosion, creating 55 million masses of oxygen (more than 18 million lands).
The next was amazing: As the shockwave of each virtual Virtual Virtual Virtual Virtual, many created the density variations of the surrounding gas, condensing a fraction of the gas in the head of the Cuckoo. From there, these compact vorters were thrown with oxygen and other elements of the next-generation, expanding the fronts of Supernova Ejecta. With Loeb, Sternberg and in accordance with Sternberg’s announcement, dense gas blows left more heat thermal heat, which enabled chemical reactions.
“While Supernova’s water production of a particular explosion is modest, the division of water masses can now be approached by the solar system,” Whalen said. “That was the result we didn’t expect, and it is important in the waste of explosions because the stars and protoplanetarials can fall.”
Blace simulations of his team offer temporary answers today. “We don’t have all physics,” he noted. “We don’t know what the first star masses were believed to be dozens of sun mass.” Simulations were only modeled in the formation of a star at the same time, the agreement could be quite claustrophobic universe, forming various stars in close proximity. Although it may affect water production.
Add water
Suppose, for now, the theoretical speculations and computed models reflect reality. If the water was so abundant in the regions of the early universe, the second-generation stars later, the planets of the earth would come out of this cosmic fog?
That is basically whales and his authors asked the study Science. A second set of simulations tested whether the first flood enriched gas can fall in a low mass star Disk protoplans that can cause rocky and wet world. And the answer is, after all, they can.
In these monitoring simulations, a small star, about three quarters of the sun, is born from dense gases with pioneering planetimalsimalsimalsim, ground planets on Earth planets. Despite the formation of such cosmic history, this size may not be burned in most thermonuclear fuel yet. Therefore, so many million years later, it would still shine. And that means Possible Primordial Planets of the Star Hosting Such could still be outWe are waiting to find and study.
This does not mean that life like this would be an easy start. Cataclymic collision It is believed to be common with protoplanets, asteroids and comets in the formation of the planet and the next tens of millions later. Life, if he had been created in one of these worlds, should still have suffered that bombing or waiting for his end.
Extrapolating from the history of the earth, in which life is only one hundred million years to start the existence of our planet. This timeline involves a life that could start 300 million years earlier after Big Bang, perhaps before the first galaxies formed.
An enigma whale still admires The origin of the water in the oceans of the earth. “Someone asked me that this primordial water is here today, and we have to say: We can’t ignore it,” he noted. “Some earthwater is older than the solar system itself, but we don’t know exactly how old that water is; it is likely to be some of them primordia.”
This is something to think about The next time you lift a glass: Some of these thirsty round molecules may be formed more than 13 million years ago to spread the shockwave of one of the first stars in the universe.
