NASA is ready to launch a space telescope to see the universe in a new way.
The agency’s spectrum photometer for the universe and the explorer of the fields, mission, mission, no March 2 will not be launched from the Basandenberg space base of California. A 688 million framework mission is fitted gaspThe foam; Among its main objectives, scientists expect a sort of cello statistics that will help them understand the first moments of cosmic history. Once at work, the telescope will respond to the whole sky in more than 100 “colors” Infrared lightCreating a massive data set that will have many involvements in astronomy.
“You usually don’t have such a survey,” says Dunkley, who serves a NASA review board that controls the mission. “It’s really unusual and very suitable.”
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Usually, missions investigating the skies have extensive areas of view, but with light wavelengths of light or fewer individual groups. The telescope examined by the light of his wavelength is usually only on a small area of heaven, pointing to specific objects of interest. For example, Camera Vera C. Rubin Observatory in ChileIt is expected to start observations this year, the sky will be a pan for six long-wave bands. On the contrary, James Webb Space Telescope has several ways of observation This can break the light in many wavelengths, but they are all limited to small views of the observatory.
Sphenex works differently. To understand, consider a colored printer that breaks a color, which breaks four ink in a layer of different colors – Cyan, magenta, yellow and black. These colors are combined to complete the last picture full-color. Sim, SPHENX has six special filters, which will make the view of the whole sky 102 infrared colors.
“The sky is mapping in an innovative way,” Olivier Doré, says the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Sphernex cosmologist in the Sphernex project. “It’s open to a new window in the universe”.
The data collected by spacecraft will have extensive importance throughout astronomy, the SPherex team has three main scientific objectives. These are maps Various ICS In our galactic neighborhood around the universe around the universe, through its history throughout its history, to test a few moments of the first time, shortly after the great.
Ices galore
From here and now in the nearest research, Sphenx will search for a variety of creatures Milky path and the surrounding galaxies. To do this, the telescope will map the presence of water ice, of course, as well as frozen carbon dioxide, methanol, ammonia and other interesting compounds. Each of these substances has its distinctive molecular signature or spectrum, printed on long waves that interact with it. And scientists may have unpredictable ice spectrums with unprecedentless clarity thanks to Sphenex’s observations.
The collection of such spectra has been a difficult process; 200 measures were made for these asuns that were created before Jwst launched. Sphere, on the other hand, will make such observations like eight million. Scientists expect to better understand complex chemical processes related to dust grains between these rice and sends the main system of the planet.
This image of NASA James Webb Space Telescope is the infrared camera (Nircam) Chamaeleon I Molecular Cloud, and 630 is clear years. Cold, cold cloud material (blue, center) is illuminated from Protosto’s young protosts, 110 IRS 4 (orange, upper left).
NASA, ESA, CSA and M. Zamani (ESA)
“It is likely that medium ice ice is a water fountain in the Earth and our solar system,” says James Bock, the JPL Cosmologist and the Institute of California at the Institute of Sphernex. This is also more than some academic trivies for a small phenomenon that we call these particular molecules.
All the light of the universe
Aside from the ICES, a lot of work on Sphenex will worry about the farther further cosmos The telescope has an infrared light view. Because the universe is expanding in all directions, the length of the light that travels from it is literally extended. Scientists call this phenomenon “red”, it can be seen from the inside of the human eye, the red light has the longest wavelength. The more space crosses, the more wavelengths the length is extended, and it becomes a raise, so any lighting sources that can be seen from the ancient sources that can be seen from ancient sources can be seen.
This is also a careful study of the lighting lighting of an object that allows astronomers to calculate the object that is far from the ground. During astronomy, measuring this depth in the sky adds a third dimension to other maps of the distances (and time, finite light speed).
These tactics are particularly strong that Sphenx will gather between the regions of our solar system, upwards and down, within the sky, doubled the ecologic and southern ecliptic poles. The telescope will observe each ecliptic pole throughout the entire mission, looking for something apparently impossible: a weak signal all Light issued through the history of the universe, which scientists will cross the scientists in time.
Researchers have already estimated this cosmic flow by measuring the number of lights created by the significant samples of galaxies. But they know that this emphasizes real light production. Some galaxies are too far away Or it is too weak to be measured by this approach technique, and the light of the outer outer stars outside of Galaxy is easily forgotten. Sphere does not look at individual galaxies: he is looking for the whole sky, so he will see it in another way that he would lose in the background.
“If you do not see a star there, we will still see the clear photons that all the galaxies in the universe,” says Asantha Cooray, a member of the University of California, Irvine and the Spherex.
But it’s just not enough: scientists also want to understand that they have clearly changed all the time, which is where it is.small red dots“Jwst observed about hundreds of years after the Big Bang.
It works from a low-ground orbit, SPHENX will cross the sky, taking about 600 exposures every day. Using the technique called spectroscopy, the observatory will represent all the sections of the sky using a different color filter that blocks all wavelengths each time.
“Each wavelength gives you another slice through the cosmic history,” says Bock. Our “printer” analogy is a four-colored image as if it exploded in different layers between the viewer and the page.
“We are trying to do quite a quite cosmic history for all the era of first star,” says Cooray.
Inflation zoom
The last of the first scientific goals of Sphenx looks back, moments of the moment in Big Bang, most scientists believe that a phenomenon called cosmic inflation drives a firm Rise in the size of the universe.
“Inflation has been a great event in our universe,” says Bock. “The universe spread significantly: a trillion-folding or something like.”
Because of the epochal so important, it is moving to learn hard. The subject of the universe happened when the situation was almost compact and energy, trying to imitate more than scientists in a laboratory. Sphenex will not change these limits, but it will allow scientists to follow the roundabout to understand how the inflation has expanded.
“It’s really a discovery machine.” -Livier Doré, peat
At the heart of this work Sphenex is a whole sky survey and a multi-galaxy survey. About 450 million said. The telescope will determine the location of each of these galaxies by creating a massive three-dimensional atlas of the cosmos.
Hence the statistics of heaven. Based on how inflation can work and what other phenomena can affect, scientists develop different models of matter that would be scattered throughout the Newborn Universe. Although Eons intervening, this pattern must be recorded across the cosmosis in the spatial distribution of galaxies. And SpHenex should provide the necessary data, evaluating what a inflationary model that adapts, which does not support some inflation scenarios and refuses to others without seeing inflation directly.
“We will return intellectually to the origin of the universe”, says Dorék. “Really, we can pretty much with the pen. That’s very powerful, very enthusiastic.”
On the last trip outside the ground, Sphenx is also facilitating the sun to understand the sun. The second NASA mission, consisting of four small satellites, is called the polarimeter, to join the corona and the heliosphere or Punch, it will take a walk with the space telescope. Like Sphernex, these four satellites will have the Earth of Orbita on the line that includes the night. But unlike a wide friendly friend of cosmos, it will be looking at our star, to study how the current of the solar wind that is fed by the solar wind that provides the entire solar wind system.
However, the scope will help properly science his three astronomy first beyond here. Although he looks far, for example, he will observe everything that falls on his way, such as closer curiosities, such as planets, asteroids and comets. And because the whole sky investigates four times more, the NASA being the most difficult as possible spacecraft, being spacecrafted with incidents like Supernova.
“The beauty of astronomy is: We know each other in the sky every other way, with another tool, from another angle, we discover new things,” says Dorék. Sphenx simply will be the latest iteration of this truism, he added. “It’s really a discovery machine,” Dorék says.
