Rachel Feltman: For American scientific‘s Science quickly, I’m Rachel Feltman. As we know life, it couldn’t exist without the sun, but we know very surprisingly about the stars of our host. From there it is the field of Heliophysics and 2025 will be the year for the people who study the sun.
Here is more to tell Meghan Bartels, Higher News American scientific.
Meghan, thank you for chatting today.
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Meghan Bartels: Thank you for being me.
Feltman: First question, obvious question: What is heliophysics?
Bartel: Yes, therefore, Heliophysics is an analysis of the sun and its impact on the solar system. And that is very capable of the sun wind, which is basically the plasma of particles that flows, and the magnetic field of the sun, beyond these phenomena, more than 100 times the distance from the sun to the sun.
Feltman: Wow.
Bartel: Yes.
Feltman: And why is it 2025 so exciting for heliophysics?
Bartel: Yes, therefore, there are a couple of things that are aligned this year.
First, it has been the sun and is still in the maximum phase of its 11-year solar cycle. The Sun Max began more than two years ago, and scientists hope that it will last about three or four years this time. While the sun-maximum and the activity begins to move forward, the sun will continue to throw radiation flares and plasma blobes, which scientists give them a lot of new data, and it’s really exciting.
And then another factor is that there are many scientific missions designed to study various aspects of heliospheres that are able to start next year. And you know how scientists get about new missions (laughing).
Feltman: (Laughter) Completely.
Bartel: Yes, then another factor, which, in the end of the year, Heliophysicians had a very important report of national science (Academy) and explains the priorities of the next decade area; The Degadal Report is called, and (spaces) has many aspects of science. And so it determines what spaceship and what telescope researchers need to build. And so this time is a mission designed to explore the two large spaces of the spaces that we have never seen directly. And the other is the 26-satellite fleet that would have the earth, and would examine how the activity of the sun affects our planet.
And then there is another: There is a massive third project, and that is based. This would create the next generation of this ground based array. The current version sees the sun constantly; So it’s the earth, so he always sees the sun and examines the waves that pass through the sun, like ground seismology …
Feltman: Mm-hmm.
Bartel: It is called heliosismology. The interior and is a way to learn the farthest sun. So they are great things.
Feltman: Very cool. And with this decada report are things that have not yet started …
Bartel: Exactly.
Feltman: They are saying the government: “You should do these.”
Bartel: Yes, government panel, scientists survey …
Feltman: Hmm.
Bartel: This is a long process; It has been for years. And then, yes, it takes a period of 10 years. And this is, starting from things that are fully designed. They are in the design phase, however, in the design phase. For now, they are right now, and nothing is built. And so, we are building and launching things from the last decadation, and then it will be in the next decade, yes.
Feltman: I want to get very cool, and certainly launched in some missions …
Bartel: Mm-hmm.
Feltman: But it’s wild for me, we don’t see the sun poles directly. What kind of things are we waiting to learn in the end (laughter)?
Bartel: Yes, it’s really wild. The mission named Ulysses was a little time ago they got some data on the posts but could not really close. And then it is a European mission called the solar orbitro, and will take a little bit and take a bent orbit around the sun, but it will not be able to fly on the poles and that’s what it is hoping for the future mission.
It is very important to see that the sun is a giant magnet and see how poles work and how the poles work on the entire surface of the sun, it is really important to understand what is really happening in the sun and 11 years of activity, which is also magnetism is governed.
Feltman: Completely. Yes, returning to some constant things, let me know about the coming of the heliophysic world or about some continuous missions. What is most people about?
Bartel: Yes, it will be a very great year for Heliophysics missions. It’s really cool, NASA launches IS-NASA’s interstellar mapping and acceleration probe or IMAP mission. And that will remain inside the interior solar system, but the Heliosphere edge will be mapped so that the sun winds down …
Feltman: Mm-hmm.
Bartel: And where the magnetism of the sun falls. And that’s very important because we really have no idea of what the shape of Heliosphere.
Feltman: Mm.
Bartel: It could be nice to shape a kite with a long tail. It could be similar, that is, this wild curse. No one knows, and so it is very difficult to see everything live directly and then crossed twice with two passengers, but gives you two points; That doesn’t give you shape. So it should be really cool.
The next mission is called the polarimeter, to join or punch the corona and the heliosphere.
Feltman: I would say: What is acronym …
Bartel: (Laughter) There is always acronym; It’s NASA …
Feltman: “Whenever I hear a name like this,” Sigles were doing? “(Laughter)
Bartel: Yes, yes, that’s perforated. Punch must be launched at the end of February, and four satellites are those with the size of a suitcase, and they will see the sun on 24/7. The corona of the sun will see it as an outside atmosphere, as it becomes solar wind and becomes a phenomenon that expands everything through the solar system and trying to understand how this transition is going on.
And then I think a third is really cool: you can call another name and a plasma (acceleration) and dynamics, leaks (laughter). And it’s a couple of escapade spaceships, they will actually go to Mars.
Feltman: Oh, wow.
Bartel: They are not left with land; They will go to Mars, and learn how the sun wind affects Mars and its atmosphere and how they interact.
And there, there are others too. These are a few, so it will be a very nice year.
Feltman: And why is it important, rather than the horrible of all, to better understand our sun?
Bartel: (Laughter) Yes. That’s where you are talking about something called space weather. The weather conditions are basically because of all the things that sends to the solar system and the earth has magnetic fields and atmosphere, all these phenomena interact, but also ways that can cause certain hustles. If you get a large exposition of the sun or the coronal mass, you can end up with fresh things like Aurora, but you can also end up things that can damage these things in space, spacecraft and satellites, and really Strong events can also cause problems on the ground.
And, scientists are essentially, meteorologists want to approach weather for weather conditions with weather (laugh): they want to be able to predict. Let people want to understand what we want to warn and protect the infrastructure and protect the infrastructure. And all requires the sun better understanding than right now. We basically do not have the ability to predict such events. A spacecraft was looking at the sun with thousands of miles away from the ground, and this is the warning beacon …
Feltman: Hmm.
Bartel: He sees the sun, and tells us what will come, and that is helpful, but not anywhere you have planned from the forecast or a hurricane. This is much stronger and predictable and gives people a lot better tools.
Feltman: Yes, it certainly seems to be worth the effort, and I hope you can also get some announcements in Aurora to prevent the activity caused by EVE with all the auroral activity (laughing) …
Bartel: (Laughter) I don’t.
Feltman: And I’d like my phone where I went and when I would say …
Bartel: Sure.
Feltman: Is there anything else trying to answer right now?
Bartel: Yes, so another big question about the sun is a corona. It is much hotter than the spectacular surface of the sun. So don’t look at the sun with only eyes; You need protection of your eyes, you need solar eclipse glasses, something like that. However, you see through the surface of the sun through these protection lenses, which is almost 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, so it looks pretty hot. The thing is, Crown, which is a picture of the whole sun eclipse, is similar, similar to Crown, white …
Feltman: Mm-hmm.
Bartel: Around the Lunar disk, they can get until 3.5 million degrees F, and scientists do not understand all this heat. Like, that …
Feltman: Right.
Bartel: Totally …
Feltman: It gets warmer away.
Bartel: Exactly.
Feltman: What is happening (laughing)?
Bartel: If they talk about it: If you were going outside the outside and suddenly heated, that’s what happens here. And no one understands how or why it is a great mystery, which is perhaps one of the most academics or intellectuals, but because Corona feeds the great implications for life here on the ground.
Feltman: Completely. Well, thanks us to take part in the sun and get involved in the sun when we start to go back to us.
Bartel: (Laughter) I can’t wait.
Feltman: That’s the episode of today. If you want to learn more about heliophysics, you can see the latest article in Meghan Let me know; We will link to our show notes.
Science quickly Me, Rachel Feltman produces me with Fonda Mwangi, Kelso Harper, Madison Goldberg and Jeff Delviscio. The current episode was given by Meghan Bartels. Shayna Books and Aaron Shattuck Fact-Check our show. Our music topic was completed by Smith. Subscribe American scientific Update and deep science for more news.
For Scientific American, This is Rachel Feltman. See next time!
